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Smalleye pygmy shark
The smalleye pygmy shark (''Squaliolus aliae'') is a little-known species of dogfish shark in the family Dalatiidae, found in water deep near Japan, the Philippines, and Australia. It migrates vertically daily, spending the day in deep water and the night in shallower water. One of the smallest shark species, the smalleye pygmy shark is known to reach only long. It has a blackish, spindle-shaped body with relative small eyes, and a spine preceding the first dorsal fin but not the second. There are bioluminescent photophores on its underside, which may serve to disguise its silhouette from predators. This species feeds on small squid, krill, shrimps, and bony fishes. It is aplacental viviparous. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as Least Concern, citing its wide distribution and lack of threat from fisheries.
==Taxonomy==
The first known specimen of the smalleye pygmy shark was a female long, caught off Donggang, Taiwan on September 23, 1958. It was described by Taiwanese ichthyologist Teng Huo-Tu, who gave it the specific epithet ''alii'' after a woman. The name subsequently came to be rendered as ''aliae'' in scientific literature. Some authors questioned the validity of the species, and in 1977 Jeffrey Alan Seigel and colleagues synonymized ''S. aliae'' with ''S. laticaudus''. In 1987, Kunio Sasaki and Teruya Uyeno performed morphological comparisons and reaffirmed the distinctiveness of ''S. aliae''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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